History Argumentative Essay Topics - What Is It?

History Argumentative Essay Topics - What Is It? Top History Argumentative Essay Topics Secrets Choosing excellent essay topics for middle school must be a careful procedure, where a balance must be struck between topics that could be too simplistic, more proper for the key school, and choosing argumentative essay topics that can be too complicated or controversial. The intent of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. They are used to the fact that their professors give them the assignment's topic. Even to get a chance to study in some colleges or institutions they must have the ability in essay writing. Argumentative essay is a type of academic paper that demands profound understanding of analyzed problem and a huge collection of personal opinions and facts. The thesis statement needs to be strong and positive in order to prolong the interest of the reader. Among the details to be considered, ensuring th at the topic sentence isn't a truth, is the most essential. A well written essay ought to have a suitable introduction, appropriate division into paragraphs, an appropriate maturation of the ideas discussed and a proper conclusion. As much as possible, the guide ought to be written with simple and simple to understand statements. Your individual ideas and opinions in the paper has to be supported with arguments. You ought to be affirmative once you state the argument topic. The topics for argumentative essays are frequently very self-explanatory they're common understanding. You must decide what you wish to write in your essay. To come across argumentative essay topics easy on various platforms, you want to comprehend about the argumentative essay. Locating good essay topics you could discuss effectively and create powerful argumentative essays is a tough work. The thesis will provide you with a guideline on the best way to go about with writing the essay. Argumentative essays are a few of the best that you can write as a student. Creating a great argument essay starts with a list of argumentative essay topics. The Secret to History Argumentative Essay Topics Thus, writing a history paper will definitely be fun, if you merely pick a really intriguing history essay topic. The body of the essay can be broken into various sub-topics that relate to the major topic. If you own a list of strong and intriguing topics, you are going to have better prospect of writing a compelling essay. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering an idea that might be a huge deal to somebody else. Argumentative essay is about arguing and debating on a subject, which is debatable. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's important to at all times be critically contemplating the world around us. The very best argumentative essay topics are the simplest ones. Choosing topics for argumentative essays is essential for your general success. What's the Iron Lady's role on earth history. For example, let's say if you're writing about language history essay than you are going to have to incorporate all of the information regarding the history language on the planet no matter any specific region while in specific language history essay, you would speak about history of the language of a certain region. History Argumentative Essay Topics Options The top rated argumentative essay ideas are broken up into various categories. Since you may see, there's a multitude of different argumentative paper titles it is possible to utilize. An argumentativ e essay is a certain sort of academic writing. All argumentative essays must have a conclusion paragraph. Argumentative topics can be a number of the widest-reaching essay assignments on Earth. If when you are preparing a report you merely analyze specific literature, the essay demands an excellent penetration into the issue. Occasionally, selecting an excellent argumentative essay topics will be quite tough.

Othello vs. Iago Essay - 2458 Words

Othello vs. Iago As the villain in Shakespeares play Othello, Iago has two main actions. They are to plot and to deceive. Iago wishes to plot and to deceive because he is jealous of Othello and hates him. Iagos reasons for why he hates Othello is because he believes that Othello made love to his wife, and Iago is mad that Cassio was chosen to be Lieutenant instead of himself. From this hate comes the main conflict of the play. Iago plans to ruin Othello because of Iagos jealousy towards him is by carrying out a plan to get back at Othello based on lies and deceit. This plan will make Iago the only person that Othello believes he can trust, and Iago will use this trust to manipulate Othello. Iago plans to remove Cassio from†¦show more content†¦Cassios uncharacteristic aggression is what eventually removes his from position as lieutenant. Sir, hes rash and very sudden in choler, and haply may strike at you. Provoke him that he may, for even out of that will I cause these of Cyprus to mut iny, whose qualification shall come into no true taste again but by the displanting of Cassio (Shakespeare 261-264). This quote is when Iago explains Cassio to Othello among the numerous times that he does do so. When taste is used, the line says that the people of Cyprus will not feel comfortable with their nature until Cassio is removed from his position. The definition of qualifications is condition, nature or pacification and uses the word trust instead of taste. (Gray 2) In contrast, when trust is used, Iagos words say that the people of Cyprus will not be able to trust authorities again until Cassio is no longer Lieutenant. While Cassio is fighting, Iago is using the violence to create a riot in Cyprus and upset the people. Cassio is blamed for this riot, and order cannot be restored until he is no longer Lieutenant. The word trust makes more sense in this sentence, because Cassio lost the trust of the masses when he acted with aggression. He was always a well mannered and p eaceful man, and now the people of Cyprus do not know who he really is. In the soliloquy following Roderigos exit, Iago reveals the real reasons for his plotting against Othello.Show MoreRelated Shakespeares Merchant of Venice and Othello: Shylock vs Iago2024 Words   |  9 PagesMerchant of Venice and Othello: Shylock vs Iago      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeares use of timeless themes make his works relevant to the modern reader.   His two plays The Merchant of Venice and Othello deal with the seeking of revenge and forbidden love.   In The Merchant of Venice, Shylock, the main character, is a Jew who loans money and charges interest.   Shylock has an enemy named Antonio who also loans money to people, but without interest.   Iago is a character in Othello who has been passed overRead MoreOthello: Iago Appearance vs. Realality2420 Words   |  10 PagesIago is one of Shakespeares most complex villains. Initially you get the impression that the character of Iago is one of pure evil. Right from the start of Act 1, it becomes obvious that he is capable of most anything. You see right away that he is able to give the appearance of one thing, but in reality be something quite different. He has been acting like he is interested in helping Roderigo by bringing gifts and messages to Desdemona for him. Iago is i n reality using Roderigo who is very gullibleRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreThe Eyes Can Deceive By William Shakespeare867 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare. Appearance vs. reality is often a theme he plays around with. In the play Othello this theme is very apparent through the plotline of the characters. Characters often believe the only truth they happen to know. However the truth is not always what is really occurring. In many instances the realities of the characters is not always existent. Iago is the main protagonist who deceives everyo ne in the play. Iago uses the technique of appearance vs. reality to ruin the lives of CassioRead MoreShakespeares Play Othello and Tim Blake Nelsons Film O 826 Words   |  3 Pagesunaffected. Through the texts by composers William Shakespeare and Tim Blake nelson and their texts Othello and the late 20th century contemporary film O, the key values of trust, honesty and loyalty are explored with contextual influences being reflected. The values are explored with the use of thematic development of the key issues jealousy and appearance vs reality and the use of dramatic devices in Othello and cinematic techniques in O. Shakespeares accurate representation explored these values inRead MoreOthello Essay, Appearance vs Reality1175 Words   |  5 Pagesone of appearance vs. reality. We find ourselves asking the question of what is genuinely â€Å"real,† and what is viewed merely as just an â€Å"appearance,† and not real? It becomes difficult when we assume there is a d ifference in the two to determine which is which. Generally, what we label as â€Å"real† is regarded as external and eternal. What we refer to as just an appearance is regarded as temporary and internal. Many early as well as modern day authors use the theme of appearance vs. reality to portrayRead MoreThemes in Shakespeares Othello Essay1155 Words   |  5 PagesOthello was written by Jacobean playwright William Shakespeare in 1603. It proved a huge success when first performed in 1604, in front of a huge audience. The story is one of Shakespeare’s great tragedy themed plays. Othello is the black protagonist and highly esteemed Venetian general. Iago is the ambitious but scheming villain of the play. When Othello promotes a man called Michael Cassio over Iago, he is furious and launches a malicious campaign against Othello. Meanwhile, Othello has marriedRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomp rehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead More Appearnce Vs. Reality Othello Essay622 Words   |  3 Pageswhat I am.† What is Iago? Iago’s actual personality is quite distant from what he pretends to be. In Shakespeare’s Othello, the reader is presented the classic battle between good and evil. It is these forces of evil that ultimately lead to the breakdown of Othello. Othellos breakdown results in the murder of his wife Desdemona. Desdemona is representative of the good in nature. Good can be defined as forgiving, honest, innocent and unsuspecting. The evil contained within Othello is by no means magicalRead MoreShakespeare s Othello : Appearance Vs Reality1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe critically acclaimed play Othello written by the most highly regarded playwright William Shakespeare uses the theme of appearance vs reality often throughout the tragic story. Within this theme and throughout the play life lessons are dropped along the way for the reader to consume. There is surely many valuable ones but a few stood out in terms of relevancy to the modern day. They are as follows, leading a deceptive and manipulative life will take one towards their own downfall, be careful who

Sandra Wilcox Essay Example For Students

Sandra Wilcox Essay Eng 111July 8, 2004HollifieldThe Iris and RoseIn my life I have discovered two beautiful flowers that grow in mygarden. Both the iris and the rose are planted in my backyard garden. Whilethe iris is exotic and dazzling in color, the roses are beautifullyromantic and inviting to the eye. In history the Persian poet Hafiz called the rose a beauty spot onthe cheek of the world. During the Middle Ages, the rose was a symbol ofthe Resurrection and the Virgin Mary. Pope Hadrian / had placed roses overhis confessional as a joyful symbol of silence. The iris was the goddess ofthe rainbow and a messenger to the gods. Iris was shuttled between havenand earth atop colorful arcs. Whenever she stepped on earth, iris flowerssprang up in all the hues of the rainbow. Roses are sweetly scented. The colors and sizes of the roses areexquisite. The rose is a very delicate flower; that comes in a wide varietyof colors, ranging from pure white through yellow, pink and orange to red. Roses can have two or more colors blended together. My preference is thered rose, the pink, the white and the yellow. Irises come in virtuallyevery color in the world, sky blue to the deepest ocean blues, blazingcoppers, radiant red, saffron yellows, and soft rosy pink. There are alsothe innumerable color combinations, multihued beauties, contrasting beards,and other unique patterns. The rose petals form a distinctive raised cone shape. Roses arestraight-stem and upright growing in the garden. Each stems bears only onerose. The iris has six petals. The three inner petals point up and arecalled standards. The three outer petals of the irises are called falls. The beards are the hairs that grow in the center of the falls. The gray-green leaves are long, flat and pointed, and overlap almost like a fan. In my garden both of the flowers were planted close togetherbecause of their uniqueness. Through storms and drought, insects andanimals, they grow facing the sun. I also plant other flowers in my garden. I have mixed grand iris, playful daisies, lush lilacs, tender babys breathand roses. Each summer the flowers make a majestic spray on my dining roomtable.

Race Class and Gender in a Television Crime Show an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Race Class and Gender in a Television Crime Show Media productions present a picture of the world to viewers as concocted by the writers, director and producers of the show. The former serves as institutions that are powerful forces in the socialization and acculturation of society. One may always say that the goal of media is to entertain, but the power that it wields over America cannot be denied. Need essay sample on "Race Class and Gender in a Television Crime Show" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The medias power lies in its popularity and the palatability of what it presents to the audience. Btu even sometimes, though the material of the production is not palatable or even acceptable to the greater society, it is somehow transformed into a spectacle, something to marvel at, be disgusted with, or use to shape the peoples opinion on a certain matter. University Students Usually Tell Us:How much do I have to pay someone to make my paper today?Essay writer professionals advise: If You Think About Someone To Write Your Paper - Essaylab The Right Place!Write My Essay Online Write My Paper For Me Reviews Written Essays For Sale Cheap Reliable Essay Writing Service Indeed, the media has been used to manipulate information for various purposes. Included in these purposes is to entertain viewers and perhaps help the latter escpe from the problems and hardships faced in real life for the brief time of the show, or to inform viewers of situations and conditions wholly different than their own, to spark interest in a certain issue that may lead people into action such as the poor condition of their house may lead them to buy products that would assist them in cleaning. Darker purposes may be to manipulate viewers to action or inaction in civil society, using information that is true or false to guide them in their decision for action and inaction. Media as an institution is one of the taken-for-granted realities that people experience every single day. People do not realize that media is an institution because it is referred to so many times, that it is a primary source of information for decision-making and that it is also shaped by people and culture and realities that are mere constructions of other peoples minds. It is important, therefore, to analyze media and media productions in terms of the themes and content of their portrayal of life, especially those with social relevance. Shows that claim to present a form of realism are those that need to be analyzed the most, because of the messages it sends out as to what is real and what is not. It is possible that these productions are successful at portraying real-life situations and following procedures that are present in the real world, but the implications of their presentations must be analyzed within the context of media as an institution based on social constructions that may oppress, exploit, discriminate and unjustly label other groups of people. The power of television shows on the general public must not be discredited or downplayed as for most people, it is their primary source of information and could be their only guide in making decisions about themselves, their lives and the personas of other people around them. Law and Order Special Victims Unit (LOSVU) in this writers opinion seeks to portray the procedure at which special cases with sexual undertones and implication are handled by the police and justice system. Not unlike its predecessor, Law and Order (LO), LOSVU presents the real process a rape or abuse victim would go through after a report or complaint has been filed. The difference of this show with LO is that the viewers are able to glimpse the psyche of the victims, the abuser or perpetrator and even the prosecutors and detectives working on a certain case. The show portrays the special kind of stigma and trauma that rape and abuse victims may experience and also the horror and burnout that detectives experience after working heinous sex cries day in and day out, and how it takes its toll on them eventually. One could say that detectives in LOSVU are presented as more feeling human beings and less investigating detectives on a case. The material or episode for discussion in this essay is LOSVUs epsisode entitled Informed. The episode is introduced with a scene from an emergency room where a woman is demanding medical attention for a minor injury. The nurse pointedly asks her to wait her turn but the woman insists she be treated immediately. A small white figure in a hooded sweatshirt comes forward next and rebukes the woman while taking off the hood. The figure reveals a crudely-shaven head with clumps of blond hair falling in rags about a Caucasian girls battered face, her skull bleeding from several places. The woman with the minor injury is chastised by the mere sight of the girls injury, while the latter continues to bleed in a large, caved-in gash at the top of her skull. The girl is unable to meet the nurses eyes and simply asks for wound treatment, the morning-after pill and antibiotics. The nurse, aware of the signs of physical trauma that may allude to rape or abuse, calls the in-house social worker to assist the girl in her case. The girl is cleaned up and her wound is stitched but she refuses to submit to a rape kit to properly document her rape and perhaps seek justice through the legal system. She is vehement in her denial and quick to leave the hospital and find another one just so someone can give her the morning after pill. The social worker insists that she will be asked to submit to a rape kit whichever hospital she goes to which causes the girl to get and leave. On the way outside she meets Olivia Benson, one of the shows main characters, a detective from the special victims unit who does not stop in finding out the circumstances of the girls rape, even collecting evidence from the girls home without permission. Thus the victim is introduced with unclear facts and circumstances as to why, when or how she was raped. The audience is taken through Olivias quest to help the uncooperative girl, who turns out to be named Haley. Through the process, she meets Dana Star, an FBI agent who tells her that Haley is an informant for the Bureau operating within the ranks of domestic eco-terrorist cells. The two women set out to find Haley who has then disappeared for different reasons, one to resolve the matter of her rape and the other to resolve the matter of a terrorist case. The story reveals later on that Haley had been an informant before and that her rapist may be found in the police system as a previous offender. But due to the nature of the case as to having terrorist implications, SVU and prosecutors are hesitant to touch or even know information about Haleys rapist. But as the urgency of the matter escalates because of implications that a large-scale action is planned by the environmental terrorists, SVU continues to conduct its investigation with Star and the FBI. Information barriers are often encountered while it is highlighted that Olivia is solely concerned for Haleys safety and the safety of the eco-terrorist groups possible victims. As the conflict escalates, more terrorists are arrested, but Haleys rapist is found to be a man from her past whom she betrayed as an earlier informant. Haley refused to submit to the standard procedure of the system and took the law into her own hands by executing her rapist. She is almost arrestd when she returns to Star as an informant but claims that she can foil the terrorist groups next plot. With the help of Olivia as an undercover agent in a sting operation, they succeed in locating various terrorists and uncovering a plot to bomb the office of a CEO of a large pharmaceutical company that tests its products on animals. Here, Haley suddenly turns on Olivia and betrays the sting operation by disarming Olivia and arming a bomb made out of gasoline and fertilizer herself in the CEOs office. The climax resolves when Star shoots Haley because the latter would not desist from arming the bomb. Olivia is then arrested along with other suspected terrorists and put up to be interrogated and questioned. The episode resolves with Olivia disappearing from SVU because of her successful infiltration, with the ending highlighting the secrecy surrounding her sudden departure from SVU, much to the chagrin and ownder of her partner, Elliot. The most apparent social construction presented in this episode is that of class and the struggle for issues that concern the environment and animals. Class here as depicted in the terrorists social status and the power wielded by the large pharmaceuticl corporation involves the production constantly alluding to violent actions both by the company and the terrorist group. Gender is highlighted through the detectives working Haleys case, where Benson and Star are found to be women who understand Haleys experience. What the two did not realize in the beginning of the episode is that Haleys involvement in the terrorist group had already transcended gender and her own rights as a woman were not as important as the goal of the terrorist group. Several social groups are described in this episode. The group of most relevance to this writer is the group of the eco-terrorist. Here, they are portrayed as paranoid fanatics that resort to violence to achieve their goals without thought for toher peoples lives and safety. They are portrayed as belonging to the lower-middle or lower class of society, constantly in battle with rich pharmaceutical companies. This illustrates a social construction presented and perpetuated by media. It portrays radical environmentalists as violent individuals who put animal rights above the basic human right to life. Because of the companys cruel treatment of animals, these people seek to exact vengeance and hope to prevent these practices through fear and violence. An underlying theme of class struggle may be seen as the lower-middle class people promote organic fruits and vegetabes as part of their livelihood in the presence of genetically-modified produce that companies foist upon consumers who are uninformed and unaware of the dynamics that surround the cultivation of these foods. The convention of lunatic social group is projected in the shows treatment of the terrorist group, who have deviated from the norms of society, seeing the world as a place unfit for egalitarian conditions and natural order. Gender roles within the terrorist group are somehow downplayed as it is highlighted in the show that the cause is the main focus of all members of the terrorist cells, and whether you are a woman or a man merely depends on how usable one can be for their covert operations. The detectives here are portrayed to be sympathetic for rape victims, especially Benson, who uses her womanhood to try to convince Haley to submit to a rape kit and the judicial process. She is not the standard lone wolf detective of television crime shows, but rather a sympathetic and overly dedicated woman who uses her work and education as a detective to uphold and seek justice for victims. The show uses her gender and her history of being a child born from rape to show the viewers perhaps that detectives are shaped not by procedure and the law but by her inherent worth and dignity as a woman and her identity as a child born from rape. For the writer, Benson uses the judicial system mainly as a tool to fulfill her goal of helping women like her mother who was raped. The show highlights two conflicts and two women who are on different levels of awareness about their own gender and rights as females. The first conflict and more obvious of the two is between transnational companies and environmentalists. Though the show took this conflict a step higher by making the environmentalists into extremists and violent in their course of actions, it may be seen that the courses of actions left to these environmentalists could have easily resolved to attacks. This paints a prejudice for the viewer that environmentalists are not beyond killing other people or destroying property as long as the earth is safe. The second conflict is that between Benson and Haley who show different levels of gender awareness and valuation. Benson is sympathetic towards Haley and constantly seeks to help her based on her experience that has violated her rights as a woman and the position she puts herself in as a woman within an environmentalist group. The two conflicts however m ay be juxtaposed as being resolved only by violence, with the attempted bombing of the CEO office and Haley being shot dead by Star. Thus LOSVU portrays class and gender as concerns for some subgroup of society and of others. It paints a different picture of detectives in the persona of Olivia Benson who is sympathetic towards victims and that of Haley who has disregarder her gender and rights as a woman to further the cause of violent-labeled group. The two women represent alternative forms of social construction to be considered by audiences, who may see a different kind of cop in Benson and a different kind of woman in Haley. References: International Movie Database. (1990). Law and Order Special Victims Unit: Informed (2006). Retrieved February 29, 2008, from http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0860060/

Sally Hemings Children

Sally Hemings' Children When James Thomas Callender published allegations in 1802 alleging that Sally Hemings was not just Thomas Jeffersons slave, but his concubine, it was the beginning but not the end of public speculation on the parentage of Hemings children. Sally Hemings Own Genealogy Sally Hemings  was  a slave owned by Jefferson who came to him through his wife,  Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson. She may have been Martha Jeffersons half-sister, fathered by Marthas father, John Wayles.   Sallys mother, Betsy (or Betty), was herself the daughter of a white ship captain and a black slave woman, so Sally may have had just one black grandparent.   Nevertheless, the laws of the time made Sally, and her children no matter who was the father, also slaves. Birth Dates The birth dates of six children of   Sally Hemings  were recorded by Thomas Jefferson in his letters and records. Descendants of Madison Hemings and Eston Hemings are known. The evidence is mixed for a son who may have been born to Hemings when she returned from Paris. Descendents of Thomas Woodson claims that he was that son. One way to look at the likelihood of Jefferson as the father of the Hemings children is to see whether Jefferson was present at Monticello and whether that is within a reasonable conception window for each child. The following chart summarizes the known  birth dates and the dates of Jeffersons presence at Monticello within that conception window: Name Birth Date Jefferson atMonticello Death Date Harriet October 5, 1795 1794 and 1795 all year December 1797 Beverly April 1, 1798 July 11 - December 5, 1797 probably after 1873 Thenia? aboutDecember 7, 1799 March 8 - December 21, 1799 soon after birth Harriet May 1801 May 29 - November 24, 1800 probably after 1863 Madison January (19?), 1805 April 4 - May 11, 1804 November 28, 1877 Eston May 21, 1808 August 4 - September 30, 1807 January 3, 1856 What Happened to These Children and Their Descendants? Two of Sallys documented children (a first Harriet and a girl possibly named Thenia) died in infancy (plus, possibly, the child named Tom who was born shortly after the return from Paris). Two others―Beverly and Harriet―ran in 1822, were never formally freed, but disappeared into white society. Beverly probably died after 1873, and Harriet after 1863. Their descendants are not known, nor do historians know what names they used after their escape. Jefferson spent minimal effort to track them after their departure, lending credence to the theory that he let them go purposely. Under an 1805 Virginia law, if hed freed them or any slave, that slave would not be able to remain in Virginia. Madison and Eston, the youngest of the children, both born after the 1803 Callendar revelations, were freed in Jeffersons will, and were able to remain in Virginia for some time, as Jefferson had requested a special act of the Virginia legislature to permit them to stay contrary to the 1805 law. Both worked as tradesmen and musicians, and ended up in Ohio. Estons descendents at some point lost their memory of being directly descended from Jefferson and from Sally Hemings, and were unaware of a black heritage. Madisons family includes descendents of three of his daughters. Eston died January 3, 1856 and Madison died November 28, 1877.

Heres How to Make Non-Toxic Homemade Tattoo Ink

Here's How to Make Non-Toxic Homemade Tattoo Ink The earliest tattoo inks came from nature. You can use non-toxic natural ingredients to make your own homemade tattoo ink. One common tattoo ink recipe is simple and has been used in various forms for thousands of years. Its sometimes called wood ash ink,  carbon black tattoo ink, or a poke-and-stick tattoo. How to Make Tattoo Ink The earliest tattoo inks were prepared by mixing ashes from completely burned wood together with water. The wood ashes were nearly pure carbon, which yielded a black to brown tattoo. While carbon is the base for modern tattoo inks, its not a great idea to use water as the liquid to suspend the ink (the carrier). While a homemade tattoo ink may be prepared using sterile distilled water, poking the ink into the skin will force bacteria on the skin into the deeper layers. A non-toxic disinfectant, such as vodka, is a better choice. Vodka is a mixture of alcohol in water. Any other white alcohol, such as rubbing alcohol or tequila, will also work. Prepare the ink from: one cup carbon black ashes (completely burned wood)just enough vodka to create a slurry Prepare the ink by mixing the carbon black and vodka in a blender (15 minutes to an hour). If the mixture is too thin, add more carbon pigment. If the mixture is too thick, thin it with a little more vodka. It is best to prepare fresh homemade ink for each use, though the ink could be stored in a sealed container away from sunlight and blended again. Its a good idea to wear a mask and gloves when applying a tattoo to prevent the spread of infectious agents. The tattoo can be applied using a pin or quill that is dipped into the ink and poked into the skin. Notes About Wood and Paper Some people make this ink by burning wood in a heat-proof bowl. The advantage of using paper is that it produces fine carbon particles. The disadvantage is that some types of paper are treated with chemicals (e.g. heavy metals) that may remain in the ashes.If youre using wood, be aware youll get slightly different results depending on the species of wood you burn.If you know youll need multiple batches of ink to complete a tattoo, its a good idea to use the same source for the carbon each time and to keep track of how much ash and liquid youre using. Careful measurement will help ensure each batch has the same particle density, which translates into color intensity. Tattoo Ink Safety Notes While you can prepare your own ink and give yourself or a friend a tattoo, this is not a good idea for most people.  Professional inks are much more consistent in quality and safer to use, so they will give you better results with less chance of a reaction to the ink. Also, tattoo professionals are trained in aseptic techniques, so you will have much less chance of getting an infection or accidentally puncturing a blood vessel if you get your tattoo inked by a trained artist. Source Helmenstine, Anne. Why People Use Vodka for Science Experiments. Science Notes and Projects, August 30, 2015.

Modern Business Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern Business Research Methods - Essay Example through research. Research is all about fact gathering, relating facts with a focus idea, analysis, drawing conclusion and lastly acting and implementing. Over time, with technology emerging new avenues have been developed to collect data; each and every method of research is suited to particular requirements and factors and is used as per the benefit cost analysis of the situation. Some aspects of the past are studied either by perusing documents of the period or by interviewing individuals who have lived or have experienced during that time. An attempt is then made to study why certain things happened during that time and to explain as to why they happened. The documents that are generally consulted include newspapers, journals and magazines that were published and especially the data government and other private agencies maintain for both commercial and own use. The idea of conducting historical research does not indicate that it is unstructured; in fact, it is systematic process of searching for facts and then using the information to describe, analyse and interpret the past. The purpose of this research is to make people aware of what happened in the past so that they may learn from past failures and successes and to see whether they are applicable to present day problems and issues. It also assists in prediction and testing hypothesis concerning relationships or trends. FOCUS GROUPS: Focus groups are mainly interviews that let open discussion of the topic. They are generally used to develop new ideas. It has an objective and does not generally allow the discussion to deviate from it. People in focus groups openly share their thoughts, feelings, attitudes and ideas on the topic under the discussion. Generally, the focus group consists of 6-10 people at a time and a moderator who is responsible for facilitating the debate. The main advantage of focus group includes that views of many different people are gathered at one place. Since it is less formal than the structured interviews thus participants feel comfortable sharing their perspectives. Some of the drawbacks of focus group include that the views of individual participants are generally influenced by other participants and may indulge in group think. Moreover, it is difficult to gather people in one common location at a time. SURVEYS: This method involves asking the individuals questions which might be open or close ended. Surveys can be orally done or through written questionnaires. It is helpful in gathering primary data through a large number of audiences. The best part of using survey as a method of research is that they can be done face-to-face, via telephone, emails, fax etc. And thus it helps the researcher reach a mass number of respondents to gather information. Surveys can be cross-sectional or longitudinal Surveys are generally done to gather informa

International education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International education - Essay Example Relevant t the above, it is important to note that the Australia’s International Education Industry accounts for the fourth largest export industry in the region (Davis and Makintosh, 2011). On this perspective, the nation has been getting more than 15 billion dollars annually due to the international education programmes. The industry has been experiencing massive growth due to the stronger influence of the international higher education. Other than the issue of being considered one of the most crucial export industries, the Australian International Educational Industry is estimated to host approximately eighty per cent of the students from Asia (Loras, 2011). This has contributed massively in ensuring that the country enjoys prestige as well as recognition in the international arena. The educational quality offered in the Australian institutions of higher learning has been one of the best. The standards have been termed world class (Mukerji and Tripahi, 2014). As such, several people have always been in need of joining these Australian international institutions. This follows that most students always like to associate themselves with institutions of higher learning that offer the best qualities in the world. The fact that the educational standards in these institutions have been of good international reputations has made several foreign students to join these institutions of higher learning in the region (Bretag, 2015). It is of crucial significance to note that the Australia’s International Education Industry has massively contributed towards raising of the Australia’s profile, as well as the Australia’s global standing (Ramar et al, 2013). The education in the Australian institutions has really contributed towards increasing opportunities for business as well as promoting the issue of research activities. This has led to strengthening of many sectors within the country. Moreover, the

The Cases of Hirabayashi and Korematsu v United States Essay Example for Free

The Cases of Hirabayashi and Korematsu v United States Essay The United States, after the fatal attack of the Japanese in Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, was forced to enter World War II. There were a few of Japanese descent who, due to the immigration that begun since before 1885, were in the mainland America. Many feared what these Japanese-Americans would side on their home country of Japan that would possibly lead to a successful invasion of Japan. The fact that Japan has invaded one after another Pacific island where American forces were based did not help the public opinion of many regarding the Japanese on the United States. As a precautionary measure, President Franklin D. Roosevelt has enacted two executive orders to prevent incidents of subversions and espionage from Japanese-Americans. Two Japanese-Americans were found to be guilty of violating these laws which has ultimately brought their cases to the United States Supreme Court. On February 13, 1942, Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 which defined military areas in the United States and authorized the removal of Japanese-Americans within these military areas. The Order declared that â€Å"the successful execution of the war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national defense-material, national-defense premises, and national-defense utilities† (United States Supreme Court [USSC], 1944). It also provided assembly centers for those who will ultimately be transferred to evacuation camps. As a result, approximately 120,000 Japanese-Americans were in internment camps (Schaefer, 2008). While the evacuation carried out with little difficulty, there were those who militantly defied the order. The Japanese American Citizens League, an organization founded in 1924, hoped that cooperating with the American decision will lead to sympathetic consideration when the tension subsided. Of those who resisted the order was Toyosaburo Korematsu. Korematsu was a US-born Japanese-American who stayed in San Leandro, California and knowingly violated the Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34—an order based upon the provisions of Executive Order 9066. The Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34, an order issued by the Commanding General of the Western Command, directed that â€Å"all persons of Japanese ancestry should be excluded† from San Leandro, California (USSC, 1944). Korematsu was arrested and was found guilty of the violation. He challenged the constitutionality of the Order and held that it is in violation of the provision in the Fifth Amendment stating that no person shall â€Å"be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. † The question of loyalty was not raised. Furthermore, the evacuees were forced, charged with no crime and could not leave without official approval (Schaefer, 2008). This is crucial in that, as Schaefer explained, the Japanese-Americans that were forced to resettle in evacuation camps were instructed that they were to carry only personal items. â€Å"No provision was made for shipping their household goods† and â€Å"the federal government took a few steps to safeguard their belongings they left behind† (Schaefer, 2008). The Court (1944) decided that the need to protect against espionage from persons of enemy descent, of Japanese descent in Korematsu’s case, far outweighs their rights as provided for by the Fifth Amendment. The Court held that the military authorities were charged with the protection of the American soils. Furthermore, the Civilian Exclusion Order is in accordance to the provisions of the Congressional authority to the military allowing them to identify who should and who should not remain in areas threatened with invasion, espionage or sabotage. The court explained that they have no doubts that most of the evacuees were loyal to the United States. They reasoned that the exclusion of the entire Japanese-American population was brought upon the contention that the disloyal could not be immediately segregated from those who are loyal to the United States. The Court (1944) explained â€Å"that there were members of the group who retained loyalties to Japan,† a fact that â€Å"has been confirmed by investigations made subsequent to the exclusion. † It has been found that â€Å"approximately five thousand American citizens of Japanese ancestry refused to swear unqualified allegiance to the United States and to renounce allegiance to the Japanese Emperor, and several thousand evacuees requested repatriation to Japan† (USSC, 1944). While the Court (1944) held that compulsory exclusion of large groups of citizens from their homes is inconsistent with basic governmental institutions, â€Å"when under conditions of modern warfare our shores are threatened by hostile forces, the power to protect must be commensurate with the threatened danger. † Finally, the Court (1944) explained that â€Å"Korematsu was not excluded from the Military Area because of hostility to him or his race. He was excluded because we are at war with the Japanese Empire, because the properly constituted military authorities feared an invasion of our West Coast and felt constrained to take proper security measures, because they decided that the military urgency of the situation demanded that all citizens of Japanese ancestry be segregated from the West Coast temporarily, and finally, because Congress, reposing its confidence in this time of war in our military leaders-as inevitably it must-determined that they should have the power to do just this† Another case wherein a Japanese-American has challenged the United States government, particularly of its military institution, was the case of Kiyoshi Hirabayashi v United States. This time, the guilty was found to be violating the Act of Congress of March 21, 1942 requiring all persons of Japanese ancestry to be in their place of residence between 8:00pm to 6:00am. The Act was also in accordance to Executive Order 9066. The Court’s ruling was also in favor of the United States. While the Hirabayashi case was earlier decided, it has been greatly overshadowed by the Korematsu case due to the fact that exclusion was more extreme than that of the curfew rule. However, the Supreme Court decision made on the Korematsu case relied and affirmed the decision in the Hirabayahi case. Korematsu and Hirabayashi both challenged the constitutionality of the rules enacted based on Executive Order 9066. They claimed that the rules violated the provisions of the Fifth Amendment stating that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law—a provision that was violated when the military institution has apprehended Korematsu and Hirabayashi and all other Japanese-Americans without questioning and even the indication of treason or disloyalty to the United States government. Unsurprisingly, the United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of the federal government, giving precaution for espionage and sabotage from persons of enemy descent during the time of war as a justification for such rules imposed based on Executive Order 9066. They held that the rules were not insomuch as a racial prejudice against citizens of Japanese ancestry but was necessary for the war efforts to be successful. The Court, however, clarified that the rules based on the Order should only be imposed until such time when the war is over. The Japanese-Americans lost much of their property and were destroyed economically. After World War II, the United States federal government paid $35 million to the Japanese-Americans who were affected to compensate for the loss of property. However, the total loss was estimated to be worth up to $400 million. References Schaefer, R. (2008). â€Å"Japanese Americans. † In Racial and Ethnic Groups 11th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJL Prentice Hall. United States Supreme Court. (1943). Kiyoshi Hirabayashi v United States. 320 US 81. United States Supreme Court. (1944). Toyosaburo Korematsu v United States. 323 US 214.

Bowling For Columbine :: Michael Moore Film Review

1. I think media has a great impact on how people behave. The media is defined as listening to music, watching TV, movies, reading magazines, and searching the internet. I think when people here about certain things in songs, or see things in movies or on television it has an effect on them. If there is violence in a TV show or on the news kids can think that's cool to do and do it. A lot of movies show fighting and violence and it effects people and they may do what they see. Television in the home is the greatest source of visual violence for children. Video games expose young children to a level of violence unimaginable. The news also creates fear . 2. I agree with Michael Moore's message in the documentary. I think there is way to much violence in our society, I also think there should be a restriction on guns. Children in our society today, see violence in their schools, on TV , their neighborhoods, and their homes. The daily new is rife with reports of child molestations and abductions. War in foreign lands along with daily reports of murder, rape and robberies also heighten a child's perception of potential violence. 3. I don't think the documentary was biased at all . I think Michael Moore showed both to sides every story he told about . He focused on both sides of the story rather than just one. 4. The NRA Civil Rights Defense fund was established by the NRA board of directors in 1978 to become involved in court cases establishing legal precedents in favor of gun owners. To accomplish this the fund provides legal and financial assistance to selected individuals and organizations defending their right to keep and bear arms. 5. I do not think it was appropriate fir the NRA to arrive in Denver for a convention after the Columbine massacre occurred. I think people were still in mourning and alls they wanted was to be left alone. The people in Denver probably wanted nothing but to ban guns, and here comes the N R A thinking everyone should have the right to have a gun in order to protect themselves. I think the N R A should have waited a great deal of time before going to Denver for a convention. 6. States with the largest increases in gun ownership also have the largest drops in violent crimes.

Scheduling Manufacturing Operations

ABSTRACT Without true finite capacity scheduling, any implementation for manufacturing execution, whether it is ERP, SCM, or MES, cannot realize the goal of enterprise efficiency and agility. All aspects of OM for manufacturing execution fall behind the lead of FCS, which is the bridge between planning and execution. Real tangible return on assets rests with FCS. INTRODUCTION Integrating a diverse collection of resources to accomplish a goal is an issue that has faced humankind since the first city arose and food and services needed to be provided to the populace.The modern challenge for operations management (OM) is the speed and volume that data is presented to OM systems. This explosion of data holds the promise of efficiency and agility unrealized in the past, but it forces the attention of analysts and engineers to convert the flood of data into a useable form to move from planning to action. All the systems such as MES, SCM, and ERP are information hungry beasts that must be fe d with the right information at the right time to direct enterprise resources. OM requires a well-coordinated dispatch of its resources to realize efficiency and agility.This paper addresses the need to look at OM from an information-centric perspective as a necessary complement to emerging process-centric views. This discussion moves to the execution systems, also treated from an information-centric perspective, and concludes with a discussion as to why finite capacity scheduling (FCS) is the key to OM for manufacturing execution. WHEN DATA BECOMES INFORMATION Despite the advances in information technology, notably object-oriented software, systems continue to be defined by functional decomposition.Functional decomposition creates complex definitions with fragile coupling and cohesion that are on one side of a great chasm from the reality of the methods that are used to build modern information systems. Information itself is an under designed component of modern systems. Informatio n is a series of objects made from atoms of data. Data becomes information only through context and inferences derived from context. A good example is the use of spreadsheets to attempt to understand data rather than the use of application software designed to with the operational context in mind. Figure 1: Hierarchy of Data Fusion InferencesFigure 1 shows the hierarchy of inferences through a process called data fusion. Data fusion simulates the cognitive processes used by humans to continuously integrate data from their senses to make inferences about the external world. Information systems collect data though sensors and other assets, and in the hierarchy of data processing, multiple data sources are combined to approximate or estimate the condition of some aspect of the enterprise operation. This is the first translation of data to a level of inference. Parametric data is processed to begin specific identification of a situation.As more parametric data are collected, different a spects of the situation come together to allow a contextual analysis of an increasingly complex set of conditions. Once integrated, the situation can be compared to the goals or desired state of the system. Parallel to the types of data processing are the types of inference. With raw data an inference can be made of the general condition. While this level of inference rarely points to a specific correction action, it does begin to isolate what subsystems require attention. The next level of inference will reveal a specific characteristic behavior of the system.With more integrated data, the identity of an operational system or process is revealed. The next inference is the behavior of a process, which then leads to an assessment of a situation. At the highest levels of inference, the performance is assessed to determine the deviation from the performance goals, acceptable risks, or desired state. Data fusion is not a new concept, having its origins in simple scouting, but has come i nto its own since WWII. The use of data fusion systems as an information springboard for systems design places execution aspects of OM firmly into a modern framework of information systems engineering.WHAT WAS OLD IS NEW AGAIN As mentioned in the introduction, operations management has been, and remains, one of the greatest organizational challenges throughout history. OM arises from the need to coordinate diverse resources to meet the needs of a complex system. The concept of the plan-execute-control model, a â€Å"discovery† made by analysts in the late 1990’s, appears in the historical records of systems management, one of the earliest mentions circa 4th century BC in China. One of the more versatile models in modern systems management appeared in 1977 as a result of a joint effort between Dr J.S. Lawson of the Naval Electronic Systems Command and Dr. Paul Moore of the Naval Postgraduate School. Figure 2 shows the Lawson-Moore model, adapted by the author for genera l resource management. SENSE is the collection of raw data or other collateral information about the observed environment. PROCESS takes the data through the inference hierarchy, integrating data within the context of the tasks required of the managed resources. The situation as best can be determined with the resources is then compared to the DESIRED STATE.The DESIRED STATE is the result of planning, which drives the allocation of resources to tasks. The plan exists in generalities, except for enterprises where goals are achieved with simple tasks assigned to few or uncomplicated resources. DECIDE is the point where the comparison of the situation to the goals will dictate what corrective actions are needed to bring the performance of the enterprise in line with the plan. ACT is the direct management of resources to alter enterprise performance to close the gap between the current state and the DESIRED STATE.The Lawson-Moore model is a closed-loop execution model, continuously inte grating data, making inferences about the environment, and managing resources to meet goals of the plan. The Lawson-Moore model does not address planning, but it does unite planning and execution. To develop an execution system, it is important to understand the distinction between planning and execution. Figure 2: Lawson-Moore Model (aka Lawson Model) PLANNING AND EXECUTION Planning and execution are related, but not one and the same.Planning does not occur during execution; the plan should be formulated to allow for variations and alternate execution strategies. Business (or manufacturing or service) processes are set in place, serving as doctrine that unites actions within the enterprise. Processes should be compiled for all resource management, and serve as a set of procedures designed to achieve the best results from a united enterprise, while allowing for inspired actions and initiatives. The enterprise doctrine exists so that laborious planning for each individual operation n eed not repeated with every new plan.The more complex or unstable composition of enterprise resource, the greater the need for standardized procedures. This becomes the foundation of repeatable performance, reducing human variations to the least contributor of performance variations. Planning cannot deviate greatly from doctrine, and execution will fail without doctrine. It is possible that execution will look so different from the plan that the uninitiated will see no similarity, but if the goals of the plan are achieved, then the execution is successful.The next section will unite the inference model with the Lawson-Moore model to develop an information-centric execution model. DATA FUSION AS OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Figure 3 shows the execution system that arises from merging inference and the Lawson-Moore model. For main components exist in this system: information collection, execution environment, human-machine interface (HMI), and evaluation. Information collection includ es sensors and all other information gathering, and is a critical component to the resources managed by the OM system.The HMI is the primary means by which operators interact with the OM system. Evaluation is the component that applies performance measurements and other measures of effectiveness to determine the degree to which the execution system is meeting the goals of the plan. The execution system performs the data fusion, situation definition, and resource management. Figure 3: Data Fusion as Execution Environment Data flows from sensors contained in resources through data filtering to begin building inferences. Filtered data enters three levels of information processing.Level 1 processing aligns data in time, insures consistent units of measure, and accounts for any other physical aspects of the data. Data from different sources are aligned or correlated in order to develop meaningful inferences (e. g the color of the box has little to do with its volume, but its height, leng th, and width has a direct bearing on computing volume). The final function of Level 1 is identifying the situation for further processing in Levels 2 and 3. Level 2 assesses the situation within the context of the fusion process in use and available information from Level 1.Level 2 may require algorithms to augment sparse or missing data. Level 3 evaluates the situation and may direct actions to modify the use of resources to minimize deviations from plan goals. The communications between the three processing levels is continuous, forming an information loop within the execution environment to adapt to changes in the external environment. Short term and long term (historical) databases form the decision support system for the OM system. Corrective action can be automatic or require operator intervention as dictated by operation procedures.THE COMMON DENOMINATOR The integrated systems view for the enterprise is emerging as analysts focus on process-centric models and away from produ ct- and information-centric models. Evidence is the REPAC model from AMR, shown in Figure 4. Recognizing the shortcomings of the functions intense MES and SCOR models, AMR developed a model that is focused on the business processes while supporting component assembly. Comparing that process-centric model with the information-centric model, common elements emerge.The main theme in REPAC COORDINATE is the need to schedule detailed activities from PLAN, utilizing feedbacks from EXECUTE and ANALYZE. These are the same themes addressed by the Lawson-Moore model. In both models, the key element is the ability to manage resources at the individual operations to achieve the goals set by the plan. This level of resource management is achieved by dynamic capacitated scheduling, supported by the real-time data from the environment and comparisons to the desired state established by the plan. Figure 4: AMR REPAC Model FCS: THE KEY TO OPERATIONS MANAGEMENTWhether OM is approached from a process- or information-centric model, finite capacity scheduling drives how resources are deployed to perform the tasks required to achieve the goals of the plan. The sequence of operations, the materials and labor required for operations, and the output of the operations all require supporting resources to act in sync with the business of implementing the plan. Finite capacity scheduling with the ability to account for multiple resource constraints and complex scheduling goals will be scalable to schedule both the lowest level of operation and the supporting resources.Planning is at best an approximation of the resource needs because planning cannot develop a precise quantification of labor, material, or time to meet the goals. Execution cannot begin until the set of actions, well matched to the available resources, is developed to load the operations and develop a timeline for the actions. Execution cannot continue unless the scheduling component can receive the feedback from the resourc es and develop alternative sets of actions that will best meet the goals of the plan.Only true finite capacity scheduling, design for real-time use, can integrate the planning and execution together to meet the enterprise objectives. CONCLUSION For manufacturing OM to achieve the goals of efficiency and agility, all aspect of planning, execution, and control are necessary to create an effective system. The bridge from the plan to the actions of the organization is dynamic resource management. For an organization with any degree of complexity, procedures need to be in place to establish the general guidelines of operations. In this imperfect world, the plan and procedures must be flexible enough to adapt.The control side provides data and accepts corrective action, but a dynamic element must exist in the OM system that allows for accepting a situation assessment and rapid response to degrading performance. The planning side requires feedback from the OM layer to create future plans. The baseline provided by planning drives the selection of enterprise operations, but the synchronization of these operations, and the alternative actions needed when the exceptions arise, comes from the power of true finite capacity scheduling. FCS is the means by which OM for manufacturing execution becomes a reality.

Families and house holds Essay

Families and Households (In this essay I will examine and assess the view that, in todays society, the family is losing Its functions. ) Modern family sociology mainly developed In the middle of the 20th century, in a period of stability (for countries like the USA or even Switzerland) or of social reconstruction after the Second world war (as for most other European countries). This development took place under the aegis of the then dominating functionalist paradigm (Parsons & Bales 1955, Goode 1963). Its basic model was that of the nuclear family, a couple of two adult partners living together with their hildren and forming an irreducible group securing fundamental tasks for social and hence societal Integrauon, especially through socialization, a group that functioned In a relatively autonomous way, with little intimate contacts beyond its borders, which made It particularly attuned to the flexibility required by the Industrial society. The internal structure of this family model was mainly organized around two ascribed criteria, sex and age. The role attribution according to the sex of the adult partners – internal tasks for the wife, external tasks for the husband – was said to correspond to expressive vs. Instrumental orientations typical of sexual Identities and was interpreted to be a highly functional way of performing all the necessary contributions to family and societal functioning. The welfare state and other social institutions played a pivotal role as a ‘substitute family’; many functions the family used to perform (see my video on Parsons’ Fit Thesis’) have now been taken over by our welfare state (anyone else hear Charles Murray groan? ). Remember pre- industrialization? – The family performed many educational & caring roles! For example, single parents can perform the economic role through benefit payments nd primary socialization of children can be performed by pre-school / nursery. So on the one hand, from a functionalist and New Right point of view; the family’ Is losing its functions because of their primary concern / focus with the nuclear family. However the evaluation Is that the family Isnt necessarily losing its functions because in whatever format the family’ is found, with external support the key functions Durkheim and parsons Stress. are still performable. Certain functionalist such as Parsons and Dennis say that in our now modern society some functions erformed by the family have been shifted to specialized Institutions that look after certain vital roles. This would include such things as education, as this used to performed by the family who educated their children for the working world. They also claim that now the family has two basic functions left, these are the socialization of children and the stabilization of adult personalities. Changes in the family; Decline In marriage and growth In cohabitation, Remarriage and growth of reconstituted families More births outside marriage, Rising divorce rates, Ageing population. However some other sociologists such as Fletcher and Shorter claim that It Is the opposites and that the family actually sued to ignore such things as the education of their children and the recreational activities were not done. They say that now due to the introduction of the welfare system the family now cares about their Childs health and keeps a closer eye on It. The family still Is responsible for partly diagnosing 1 OF3 introduction of the social service department the family must further care for their child so they are not taken away. There are many different sociologists who look in he families place in todays society and assess the level of function to family has today. From Murdock to parsons, feminist and warm bath theory there is many different views and opinions on this statement. One of the more famous sociologists who looked at the family is G. P. Murdock; he compared over 250 societies and claimed that the nuclear family was universal, that some form of the nuclear family existed in every known society and that it performed four functions essential to the continued existence of those societies. The four functions are Reproduction (where society equires new members to ensure its survival), Sexual (this function serves both society and the individual. Unregulated sexual behavior has the potential to be socially disruptive. However marital sex creates a powerful emotional between a couple), Educational (culture needs to be transmitted to the next generation), Economic (where adult family members show their commitment to the care, protection and maintenance of their dependents by becoming productive workers and being an income). While Murdock’s ideas are a great idea and would make a good society to live in they re also dated seeing as he wrote this in 1949, things have changed a lot since then and the family has moved on, one thing that would have changed for sure since he wrote this is the fact that women can now be the breadwinners in the family it is no longer Just the men that go out to work to help the economy. So according to Murdock then family would be losing its functions because it is not fitting directly into his four main functions. As industrialization grew kinship-based society broke-up which had a direct impact on family structures. Out went the classic extended family and in came the ‘isolated nuclear family as a ‘productive unit’. The term ‘isolated’ comes from functionalist Talcott Parsons who identified the families in modern industrial society as being isolated because it’s not connected to wider kinship relations. Obviously there are kinship relationships between members of a family but the difference for Parsons is these relationships are built on choice rather than obligation (members of pre-industrial had to cooperate in order for the family unit to survive – a relationship built on obligation rather than choice. These pre-industrial family obligations consisted of health-care; education; policing; moral teaching; mployment etc. ) In contrast Parsons identified how in modern industrial times, the family was no longer obliged to carry out these family functions. Instead state institutions such as firms; schools; hospitals; GPs; police and churches took over these obligations. Parsons said this shift from family to state responsibility was a natural outcome of social evolution rather than demise. The isolated nuclear family had evolved from the classic extended family due to a reduction of the functions of the family – particularly with the family ceasing to be an economic unit of production. Functionalists’ argue this change in function of the family comes from the needs of the economic system. Industrialization introduced specialized division of labor. These specialisms mean certain skills are called for in different geographical regions at different times. These social changes meant the isolated nuclear families being freed requirements of modern industrial society. This changing function of the family was evident in the expansion of the railways in the 19th century. The 1851 Census was the first to include detailed classifications of the population by age which provides a enchmark to track the impact of the railways on families, people and places throughout England and Wales. The shift to the postmodern family Unlike Giddens, Beck and Beck-Gernsheim, and David Morgan, the American sociologist Judith Stacey believes that contemporary societies such as the USA have developed the postmodern family (Stacey, 1996). She associates changes in the family with a movement away from a single dominant family type. And with greater variety in family relationships. Postmodern families in Silicon Valley Stacey’s claim that the postmodern family is characteristic of the USA is based upon er own research into family life in Silicon Valley conducted during the mid-1980s. Silicon Valley in California is the ‘global headquarters of the electronics industry and the world’s vanguard post-industrial region’ (Stacey, 1996). Usually trends in family life in the USA take on an exaggerated form in Silicon Valley. For example, divorce rates in this area have risen faster than in other areas of the country. Trends there are generally indicative of future trends elsewhere. Most sociologists have tended to argue that higher-class and middle-class families lead the way in new family trends and that working-class families then follow later see, for example, Willmott and Young’s idea of the symmetrical family). Stacey’s research suggests that the reverse might be true with the rise of the postmodern family.

buy custom The Magazine Business essay

buy custom The Magazine Business essay Magazine business is substantially different from other businesses. In publishing a magazine for sale, the publisher must plan on what stories to tell for the specific audience. Audience is the focus of every magazine marketing strategy. In the magazine, there must be a description on the nature of price and competition. This area of marketing strategy must be able to create on the mind of the readers what the magazine can offer to them, different from other magazines. Magazine business is also crucial in the market since the publisher is required to outline various strategies of advertising for the sales. Before starting a business, it is important to understand the human resource available in your business. Starting a magazine business is a general concept that requires an area to run the business. The general idea is always narrowed to a specific area for the business success. For example, if the magazine business is about lifestyle, it is possible that it will attract a large audience and may face competition. A magazine for shopping on the other side may attract little focus from audience. To run a magazine business, one is required to establish the area where the magazine suits. It is also important to find the information need of the business or the magazine. It always important for readers to pick a magazine, and find the information needed. The marketing strategy of a magazine should analyze the capacity or size of the market, the spending power of the readers/ consumers of the magazine, and fluctuation that may occur in the market. For example, when mortgage market is not on its peak, it would be useless to start on a magazine that focuses on the housing. Launching magazine busi ness requires that research on cmpetition rate is addressed. This research is supposed to establish whether the similar magazine exists in the market, and if there are some similar magazines in the market, do they meet the expectations of audiences and the overall market share or benefits. The research on the magazine business should involve analysis on the competitor strengths and weaknesses. This comparison is then used to analyze what is likely to the situation of proposed business idea in market finance. The moment the magazine has been evaluated on the benefits it has to the readers, it is then put to writing. The magazine business plan will help outsource for the funding. The plan of the magazine should be kept for future reference by the author or publisher. Vendor selection Business activity requires proper outsourcing that tackles labor issues and human resources. The advantage of outsourcing in a business helps to save time and resources. Once such strategies are put in place, the business will run effectively. It also saves money that is sometimes used to look for pertinent laws. Different human resources within the organization or business help to acquire new information on how to run a business. Outsourcing is an effective, time saving and economical in accomplishing the goals of the business. Vendor selection is critical to the magazine business. Vendors are the people who will be in contact with consumers, and must have a rough idea on what the consumers want to buy and what they can offer. Vendor selection is an important process since they are going to the market with a view to making the business prospers. Vendor selection must consider whether the vendor selected really understand the market poosition. The selection should test for the vendors perceptions and expectations on the proposed idea. Response from the vendor will help establish whether the proposed magazine can sell in the market. Vendors should also be analyzed and checked on their background. The next procedure should involve picking the vendor of choice and starting negotiations on the contract. The selection of vendor for a lifestyle magazine will require consideration of gender issues. Female vendor will suit to handle this type of sale. Lifestyle has always been regarded to be feminine issue; women fr eely interact with lifestyle consumers which can be a major boost to sales of magazine. Evaluation of vendors to contract in the business will require considerations on whether the vendor has good interpersonal skills. The vendor should also have good communication skills. The evaluation criteria should be based on the number of magazines that are made by the vendor. Timeline The procurement planning is an outlay of the procurement process that indicates on the duration of the procurement and contracting. Procurement phase consists mainly of the objectives of the procurement, service providers, payment procedures, intensity of the services needed, tender evaluation and format, and schedule and time estimate. The procurement process in the proposed magazine should run for a period of one year. This is adequate time to plan, prepare and provide a report on how the business will be carried out. However, if the plan cannot be met as schedule, the magazine business can be shifted to a newspaper business. This business is likely to attract various readers as it will bring a wide range of information to the readers from the national scene. Buy custom The Magazine Business essay

Bering Strait - Geographic Overview

Bering Strait - Geographic Overview The Bering Land Bridge, also known as the Bering Strait, was a land bridge connecting present-day eastern Siberia and the United States state of Alaska during Earths historic ice ages. For reference, Beringia is another name used to describe the Bering Land Bridge and it was coined in the mid-20th century by Eric Hulten, a Swedish botanist, who was studying plants in Alaska and northeastern Siberia. At the time of his study, he began using the word Beringia as a geographic description of the area. Beringia was about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) north to south at its widest point and was present at different times during the Pleistocene Epochs ice ages from 2.5 million to 12,000 years before the present (BP). It is significant to the study of geography because it is believed that humans migrated from the Asian continent to North America via the Bering Land Bridge during the last glaciation about 13,000-10,000 years BP. Much of what we know about the Bering Land Bridge today aside from its physical presence comes from biogeographical data showing connections between species on the Asian and North American continents. For example, there is evidence that saber tooth cats, woolly mammoths, various ungulates, and plants were on both continents around the last ice age and there would have been little way for them to appear on both without the presence of a land bridge. In addition, modern technology has been able to use this biogeographical evidence, as well as modeling of climate, sea levels, and mapping of the sea floor between present-day Siberia and Alaska to visually depict the Bering Land Bridge. Formation and Climate During the ice ages of the Pleistocene Epoch, global sea levels fell significantly in many areas around the world as the Earths water and precipitation became frozen in large continental ice sheets and glaciers. As these ice sheets and glaciers grew, global sea levels fell and in several places across the planet different land bridges became exposed. The Bering Land Bridge between eastern Siberia and Alaska was one of these. The Bering Land Bridge is believed to have existed through numerous ice ages from earlier ones around 35,000 years ago to more recent ice ages around 22,000-7,000 years ago. Most recently, it is believed that the strait between Siberia and Alaska became dry land about 15,500 years before the present, but by 6,000 years before the present, the strait was again closed due to a warming climate and rising sea levels. During the latter period, the coastlines of eastern Siberia and Alaska developed roughly the same shapes they have today. During the time of the Bering Land Bridge, it should be noted that the area between Siberia and Alaska was not glaciated like the surrounding continents because snowfall was very light in the region. This is because the wind blowing into the area from the Pacific Ocean lost its moisture before reaching Beringia when it was forced to rise over the Alaska Range in central Alaska. However, because of its very high latitude, the region would have had a similar cold and harsh climate as is in northwestern Alaska and eastern Siberia today. Flora and Fauna Because the Bering Land Bridge was not glaciated and precipitation was light, grasslands were most common on the Bering Land Bridge itself and for hundreds of miles into the Asian and North American continents. It is believed that there were very few trees and all vegetation consisted of grasses and low-lying plants and shrubs. Today, the region surrounding what remains of Beringia in northwestern Alaska and eastern Siberia still features grasslands with very few trees. The fauna of the Bering Land Bridge consisted mainly of large and small ungulates adapted to grassland environments. In addition, fossils indicate that species such as saber-toothed cats, woolly mammoths, and other large and small mammals were present on the Bering Land Bridge as well. It is also believed that when the Bering Land Bridge began to flood with rising sea levels during the end of the last ice age, these animals moved south into what is today the main North American continent. Human Evolution One of the most important things about the Bering Land Bridge is that it enabled humans to cross the Bering Sea and enter North America during the last ice age about 12,000 years ago. It is believed that these early settlers were following migrating mammals across the Bering Land Bridge and for a time may have settled on the bridge itself. As the Bering Land Bridge began to flood once again with the end of the ice age, however, humans and the animals they were following moved south along coastal North America. To learn more about the Bering Land Bridge and its status as a national preserve park today, visit the National Park Services website. References National Park Service. (2010, February 1). Bering Land Bridge National Preserve (U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved from: https://www.nps.gov/bela/index.htm Wikipedia. (2010, March 24). Beringia - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beringia

Recycline in Partnering with Stonyfield Farm Assignment - 7

Recycline in Partnering with Stonyfield Farm - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that many people are nowadays very conscious of environmental conservation, and they are likely to buy anything they think will help in conserving the environment (Atkins, 67). Recycline could take advantage of this situation by marketing its toothbrushes as eco-friendly products through word of mouth. Hudson should not only target moviegoers as his main customers. There are many people out there who will buy stylish eco-friendly toothbrushes willingly. The internet is one way of reaching as many people as possible. Online marketing is not only cheap; it is also convenient (Atkins, 45). As the company grows larger, it will have to increase its customer base. This means that it will have to be very innovative in its marketing strategies so as to reach as many people as possible. The company will also have to find partners who can help in marketing its toothbrushes. This means that there will be a need for more distributors in different areas ( Atkins, 133). Such distributors may be supermarkets and other retail stores that deal with personal care products.

The positive, beneficial functions of IR law Essay

The positive, beneficial functions of IR law - Essay Example 114). The losses suffered from World War I and World War II caused the international community to review international laws and this brought about the creation of the United Nations, a body that is charged with upholding international laws and preventing such conflicts from reoccurring. For instance, the UN peace keeping missions have brought about sustainable peace in conflict regions, like in the Ethiopia – Eritrean war and the conflict in Darfur, Sudan. If international laws were absent in such cases, it is most likely that there would be never ending conflicts in such parts of the world. International laws also regulate the conduct of states that have competitive advantage over others with regard to commons. Likewise, these laws are useful in terms of protecting the position of disadvantaged parties in such situations as Hoffmann (1968) has pointed out (p. 115). It would be difficult for landlocked countries to have access to sea ports if the international laws were non-existent. It is therefore great that the United Nations Convention put in place the Law of the Sea which provides landlocked countries with access to sea ports and therefore allows them to trade competitively. In the end, international law allows disadvantaged states end up with a fairly level playing field similar to that of their more advantaged counterparts. Additionally, Hoffmann (1968) emphasizes that international laws allow for the gathering of support from the international community on matters of interest (p. 115). International laws recognize that a states sovereignty does not necessarily translate to the protection of laws and upholding of values. Human rights and environmental conditions can easily be victimized when a states activities go on unquestioned or unchallenged. The reason for the invasion of Iraq by the United States, although highly criticized, was argued to be a mission to disarm the Saddam Husseins regime off weapons of

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 5

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example In addition, an entrepreneur is primarily responsible for successful development as well as failure of any business. The field wherein the people conduct activities relating to entrepreneurship based operations is known as entrepreneurship ecosystem (Sharma & Chrisman, 1999). In relation to the above context, the intent of the essay is to describe about the notion of entrepreneurship with utmost focus on various significant aspects. These aspects generally entail entrepreneurial attitudinal behaviours, skill development and values among others. An entrepreneur is regarded as the main or key organiser of a company. It is strongly believed that without the help as well as the total involvement of an entrepreneur, the businesses could not be able to attain their respective targets. It is worth mentioning that an entrepreneur should possess several traits of a mogul in his or her behaviour. More specifically, it can be elaborated that an entrepreneur should remain confident while performing any activity. The presence of confidence within the nature of an entrepreneur is a behavioural trait of a successful businessman. Moreover, it is also reckoned as a hallmark for the entrepreneurs (Action COACH Business Coaching, 2014). Apart from the above stated attributes, an entrepreneur must bear positive attitudes during the entire tenure of the business process. These positive attitudes will certainly increase or improve in building the key skills of an entrepreneur. In terms of behaviour, attitude as well as skill development, an ent repreneur should have the focus over capturing the need for achievements, open-mindedness, vagueness, locus of control as well as risk taking tendency. An entrepreneur should have the flexibility in its behaviour, so it can address the changes made in external as well as internal business factors. More

Oil And Ghee Industry Pollution

Oil And Ghee Industry Pollution Environmental degradation by the industrial sector is a matter of serious concern not only in Pakistan, but also all over the world. Steps have to be taken to initiate measures to combat pollution, thereby, enabling the industries to comply with the international local standards, e.g., National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) and the ISO 14000 certification. In Pakistan, there are 20 industrial sectors which are of the most concern. One of which is the edible oil and ghee sector. This report aims to address the environmental pollution problems of the Edible Oil sector. It has been compiled on the basis of the statistical data available on the sector both at global and national level and the information related to the case study from both primary and secondary data sources. The objective of this report is to assess the nature and extent of environmental problems caused by an edible oil industry, to quantify the pollution loads, water reuse and recycling, process modifications and recommendations. Many technological processes are carried out in order to obtain refined vegetable oils from seeds. The main processes include refining, degumming, neutralization, bleaching, deodorization and winterization. During these processes by-products and wastes are formed. The operating conditions and processes carried out influence the amount and characteristics of the by-products and wastes formed. The wastewater varies both in quantity and characteristics from one oil industry to another. The composition of wastewater from the same industry also varies widely from day to day. However, despite the use of these methods, disposal and waste treatment still remain major challenges in the fats and oils industries. One of the contributing factors as to why such wastewaters are difficult to treat is the complexity of their sources. Sources, among others, include heat exchangers, barometric condensers, gas scrubbers, cleaning of greasy floors and equipment, leakages, process water from the refining plant and soap stock splitting effluents. Moreover, vegetable oil refinery wastewater is known to contain chemical compounds like phenol, heavy metals from bleaching earth, catalysts used in the hydrogenation process, oxidizable substances and fats and oils. Because of quantity and characteristic variations and complexity, wastewater treatment to meet the desired effluent standards is complicated, and the choice of methods of wastewater treatment depends on many local conditions and, therefore, cannot be standardized. Water use minimization and wastewater reuse and recycling is a far better option to go for, especially when there are limited finances for end of pipe treatment methods. This could also involve process modifications for the oil and ghee industry. Research Objectives:- Air emission: Emissions are generally generated from the generators, boiler, and vegetable oil processing and oil extraction solvents. Level of effluents in an industry. Waste Water: Effluents are produced mainly from deodorization, boiler blow down, refinery section, neutralization, degumming etc. On average 12,600 m3/day of wastewater is generated having considerably high BOD (mg/L), COD (mg/L), TDS, TSS, etc. level of waste water produced in industry. Solid Waste: Effluents are produced mainly from deodorization, boiler blow down, refinery section, neutralization, degumming etc. On average 12,600 m3/day of wastewater is generated having considerably high BOD (mg/L), COD (mg/L), TDS, TSS, etc. Solid waste produced in industry. Theoretical frame work:- To formulate theoretical framework, first we need to enlist all the variables in our study and state the weather its independent or dependent. List Variables Air emission Independent variable Waste Water Independent variable Solid Waste Independent variable pollution Dependent variable The variable Pollution is dependent and it is the main focus of our research. All the other variables influence it. Increasing or decreasing Air emission caused by the production of edible oil and ghee directly affects air pollution. Likewise, any change in the amount of water waste or solid waste produced will also directly affect water pollution. As a result, if we minimize the air emissions, water and solid wastes than we will be able to bring pollution to a minimum level. This can be done by maximizing recycling and disposing off the wastes properly and safely. Literature Review:- Industrial pollution is also a major health risk in Faisalabad. According to Dr Amjad Ali Rana, a senior teacher at Community Medicine department of Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad: Here the diseases have some connection or the other with environmental pollution like skin diseases, asthma, TB, heart diseases, hepatitis and even cancer. They are found in greater ratio than any other city in Punjab. (By Dr. Amjad Ali Rana) He also reveals some terrifying consequences of industrial pollution in Faisalabad. According to findings of different studies, industrial pollution in Faisalabad is not only disturbing the Ozone layer in atmosphere, it is also becoming a source of its production on ground. On ground level ozone simply works as a poison. In winter it forms smog (smoke+fog) along with many other hazardous emissions of industries. This is why the death rate among infants and elderly people is more in four winter months in Faisalabad as compares to other eight months of the year. (By A. Sahi) In a survey conducted by PPI, revealed that presently almost five hundred factories were currently operating in the I-9 and I-10 industrial estates which were causing water and air pollution in the area. Out of the existing 500 plants, there were 204 manufacturing units in the area. Complaints of diseases like chest congestion and asthma, which were directly linked to air pollution, are frequent among I-9 and I-10 residents. The quality of air in these areas was never tested due to the non-availability of adequate facilities. Experts say that commissioning 500 more industrial plants in the area would increase pollution levels considerably. (By A Survey conducted by PPI) Environmental damage and pollution created by the oil industry have caused violations of the rights to good health and a clean environment, the right to an sufficient standard of living (including the right to clean drinking water and unpolluted food) and the right to have a livelihood through work for thousands of people. (By Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Oil companies have been exploiting weak regulatory system for much long. They do not effectively prevent environmental damage and they repeatedly fail to properly address the overwhelming impact that their dreadful practice has on peoples lives. (By Audrey Gaughran of Amnesty International.) More than half of the people in the region rely on the natural environment for their livelihood but pollution by the oil producing factories are destroying their essential resource. (By Audrey Gaughran) The Pakistan Environment Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) has asked owners of the industrial units in the Industrial Estate Islamabad to install efficient devices to control pollution in the federal capital. INTRODUCTION Industry overview: The selected Shan Oil and Ghee Industry is one of the biggest manufactures of oil and ghee in Lahore. In 1982, the unit of production is 30M tons per day. After the installation of new units in 1995, the production reaches 150M tons per day. The major product includes cooking oil, ghee and soap. The total area of Shan Oil and Ghee industry is around 10 Acre and covered area is 70% of the total area which make approximately 7 acre. Main departments include Office Block, refining section, boiler section oil storage section, Storage area, Hydrogen cracking plant, oil and ghee filling and storage section and CO2 filling section and solid scrap storage area. Location and Surrounding: Shan oil and ghee industry is located in Quaid-e-Azam Industrial Estate, Kot Lakhpat Lahore. Other prominent industry around the ABC oil and ghee industry is Hamdard Factory. Drainage Disposal The total area of Shan Oil and Ghee industry is around 10 Acre and covered area is 70% of the total area which make approximately 7 acre. Main departments include Office Block, refining section, boiler section oil storage section, Storage area, Hydrogen cracking plant, oil and ghee filling and storage section and CO2 filling section and solid scrap storage area. Importance of Oil and Ghee Industry: Consumers use it widely in commercial as well as in home applications. The oil is used in stir-fry dishes, snack foods, seafood, vegetables and different foods around the globe. It can be used in place of any vegetable oil. Generally it is used to make mayonnaise, sauces, salad dressing and marinades etc. It can be used for baked goods as well as for spreads on foods such as bread and muffins. In refined shape, cottonseed oil is nearly clear and provides very little taste, serving mainly as a catalyst for holding ingredients together. SECTORAL INFORMATION: Role of Oil and Ghee Industry in the National Economy: The number of small and medium enterprises producing Vegetable oil and ghee amounts to 160 presently. The total capacity of these plants is approximately 2 million tons per annum. An additional advantage of vegetable oil production is that one of its by product is soap which is sold separately and it also has a very good role on our economy. The total number of solvent extraction plants is nearly 50 at the moment. The net worth of oil production by these plants in rupee terms is 17 billion. According to the latest research the average Pakistani consumes 16- 18 kg in a year. The actual demand increase at the rate 4.4 % from 1988 to 2000 whereas the domestic production increased by 7.3% during the same period. Role of oil and Ghee Industry in the Global Economy: The production of oil depends on the large scale industries as far as the production in Pakistan is concerned its total quantity cost. The cooking oil and vegetable ghee industry is a large manufacturing sector. In Pakistan its production was 4000 tons in 1950s, it has grown to about 60,500 tons in 2000. However, the actual demand is approximately 117,000 tons; a shortfall has been witnessed over the last two decades. This shortfall is made up through the import of cooking oils, which are added to the local production. Pakistan imported edible oil worth Rs. 11,500 million in 2001-02 and it is still increasing. In 1976, the Ghee Corporation of Pakistan was established to manage the affairs of this industry. Edible oil consumption has been increasing at an annual rate of 9% over the past 10 years, and countrys production has risen only 2% per annum. At present indigenous production of cotton seed oil, and other edible oils meet only 35%, of the total requirement of the country and the rest 65% is imported. There are 160 units producing ghee and cooking oil with an installed capacity of around 2.5 million tonnes and 1.7 million tonnes to meet annual national requirements of about 14 million tonnes. The total installed capacity of Ghee/ Edible Oil is about 3.3 million tons. The total annual domestic demand of edible oil in the country is around 2.9 million tons (including 0.2 Million tons export to Afghanistan), however the local production of edible oil is around 1.3 million tons per annum. The rest of the demand is being met through imports. Imported palm oil constitutes around 56-58 % of all oil used for production of edible oil/ghee in Pakistan. Questionnaire (customer sample):- Dear participants, I am the student of business administration in the university of central Punjab (UCP) are conducting survey on the comparative study on oil and ghee industry pollution and its effects on human lifes. I am delighted to select you as participant and your contribution in this effort will be highly appreciated select the suitable choice by marking or encircling. 1Q. How far is your home situated to the nearest oil and ghee manufacturing company? 2Q. Do the industry dispose off its gaseous waste directly into air? 3Q. Have you noticed any changes in the flavor or color of the water supplied to you? 4Q. Have you experienced any foul smells near the oil and ghee industrial area? 5Q. What percentage of your daily diet is composed of oil and ghee products? 6Q. Do you recommend the shan oil and ghee products? 7Q. Does the pollution from the oil and ghee industries cause thermal pollution? 8Q. Does the industrial pollutants contain health hazardous substances? 9Q. Does the environment pollution caused by the oil industries increase the incidence of asthma, chest congestions, cough etc in the population? 10Q. Is the increase in pollution contributed by these industries linked with increased appearance of cancer? 11Q. Does this type of pollution assist in the spread of any lethal diseases e.g. tuberculosis, cholera, malaria, dengue etc? 12Q. Do you drain your waste water directly into the sea or ocean or is it detoxified and uncontaminated first?